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Ultrasonic sensor normally used is HC-SR04, which is also used here in this library. Let’s get started with Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus, Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus using which you can easily simulate this Ultrasonic sensor in Proteus and can also interface it with Arduino boards. Components we need is: Arduino uno R3. Now in this example, I am receiving data from Ultrasonic Sensor and then printing this data over Virtual Terminal in Proteus. Now open your Arduino software and paste the below code in it and compile to get the hex file, read Arduino Library for Proteus to know how to get the Arduino Simulation in Proteus. Bluetooth Library for Proteus تحميل Arduino Library for Proteus تحميل Flame Sensor Library for Proteus تحميل DS1307 Library for Proteus تحميل Gas Sensor Library for Proteus تحميل Flex Sensor Library for Proteus تحميل GPS Library for Proteus تحميل GSM Library for Proteus تحميل Heart Beat Sensor Library V2.0 for Proteus تحميل Genuino Library for.

Give your next Arduino project bat-powers with a HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor that can report the range of objects up to 13 feet away. Which is really good information to have if you’re trying to avoid your robot driving into a wall! They are low power (suitable for battery powered devices), inexpensive, easy to interface with and are insanely popular among hobbyists. And as a bonus it even looks cool, like a pair of Wall-E Robot eyes for your latest robotic invention!

Hello friends, hope you all are fine and having good health. In today's post I am gonna share an Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus.Few days ago I have posted a tutorial on Arduino Library for Proteus which also has the Ultrasonic sensor in it but that's a quite basic library for Ultrasonic sensor, so here comes the new Ultrasonic Sensor Library for Proteus.

What is Ultrasound?

Ultrasound is high-pitched sound waves with frequencies higher than the audible limit of human hearing.

Human ears can hear sound waves that vibrate in the range from about 20 times a second (a deep rumbling noise) to about 20,000 times a second (a high-pitched whistling). However, ultrasound has a frequency of over 20,000 Hz and is therefore inaudible to humans.

HC-SR04 Hardware Overview

At its core, the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic distance sensor consists of two ultrasonic transducers. The one acts as a transmitter which converts electrical signal into 40 KHz ultrasonic sound pulses. The receiver listens for the transmitted pulses. If it receives them it produces an output pulse whose width can be used to determine the distance the pulse travelled. As simple as pie!

The sensor is small, easy to use in any robotics project and offers excellent non-contact range detection between 2 cm to 400 cm (that’s about an inch to 13 feet) with an accuracy of 3mm. Since it operates on 5 volts, it can be hooked directly to an Arduino or any other 5V logic microcontrollers.

Here are complete specifications:

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Pinout

Let’s take a look at its Pinout.

VCC is the power supply for HC-SR04 Ultrasonic distance sensor which we connect the 5V pin on the Arduino.

Trig (Trigger) pin is used to trigger the ultrasonic sound pulses.

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Echo pin produces a pulse when the reflected signal is received. The length of the pulse is proportional to the time it took for the transmitted signal to be detected.

GND should be connected to the ground of Arduino.

How Does HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Work?

It all starts, when a pulse of at least 10 µS (10 microseconds) in duration is applied to the Trigger pin. In response to that the sensor transmits a sonic burst of eight pulses at 40 KHz. This 8-pulse pattern makes the “ultrasonic signature” from the device unique, allowing the receiver to differentiate the transmitted pattern from the ambient ultrasonic noise.

The eight ultrasonic pulses travel through the air away from the transmitter. Meanwhile the Echo pin goes HIGH to start forming the beginning of the echo-back signal.

In case, If those pulses are not reflected back then the Echo signal will timeout after 38 mS (38 milliseconds) and return low. Thus a 38 mS pulse indicates no obstruction within the range of the sensor.

If those pulses are reflected back the Echo pin goes low as soon as the signal is received. This produces a pulse whose width varies between 150 µS to 25 mS, depending upon the time it took for the signal to be received.

The width of the received pulse is then used to calculate the distance to the reflected object. This can be worked out using simple distance-speed-time equation, we learned in High school. In case you forgot, an easy way to remember the distance, speed and time equations is to put the letters into a triangle.

Let’s take an example to make it more clear. Suppose we have an object in front of the sensor at an unknown distance and we received a pulse of width 500 µS on the Echo pin. Now let’s calculate how far the object from the sensor is. We will use the below equation.

Distance = Speed x Time

Here, we have the value of Time i.e. 500 µs and we know the speed. What speed do we have? The speed of sound, of course! Its 340 m/s. We have to convert the speed of sound into cm/µs in order to calculate the distance. A quick Google search for “speed of sound in centimeters per microsecond” will say that it is 0.034 cm/µs. You could do the math, but searching it is easier. Anyway, with that information, we can calculate the distance!

Distance = 0.034 cm/µs x 500 µs

But this is not done! Remember that the pulse indicates the time it took for the signal to be sent out and reflected back so to get the distance so, you’ll need to divide your result in half.

Distance = (0.034 cm/µs x 500 µs) / 2

Distance = 8.5 cm

So, now we know that the object is 8.5 centimeters away from the sensor.

Wiring – Connecting HC-SR04 to Arduino Uno

Now that we have a complete understanding of how HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor works, we can begin hooking it up to our Arduino!

Connecting the HC-SR04 to the Arduino is pretty easy. Start by placing the sensor on to your breadboard. Connect VCC pin to the 5V pin on the Arduino and connect GND pin to the Ground pin on the Arduino.

When you’re done you should have something that looks similar to the illustration shown below.

So now that we’ve hooked up our ultrasonic distance sensor it’s time to write some code and test it out.

Arduino Code – Using NewPing Library

Instead of triggering the ultrasonic sensor and measuring the received signal pulse width manually, we will use a special library. There are quite a few of them available, the most versatile is one called “NewPing”.

Download the library first, by visiting the Bitbucket repo or, just click this button to download the zip:

To install it, open the Arduino IDE, go to Sketch > Include Library > Add .ZIP Library, and then select the NewPing ZIP file that you just downloaded. If you need more details on installing a library, visit this Installing an Arduino Library tutorial.

The NewPing library is quite advanced and it considerably improves upon the accuracy of our original sketch. It also supports up to 15 ultrasonic sensors at once and it can directly output in centimetres, inches or time duration.

Here is our sketch rewritten to use the NewPing library:

Code Explanation:

The above sketch is simple and works well but it only has a resolution down to one centimeter. If you want to bring back the decimal point values you can use NewPing in duration mode instead of in distance mode. You need to replace this line

with below lines

To improve the accuracy of your HC-SR04 to the next level, there’s another function in NewPing library called “iterations”. To iterate means to go over something more than once, and that’s precisely what the iteration mode does. It takes many duration measurements instead of just one, throws away any invalid readings and then averages the remaining ones. By default it takes 5 readings but you can actually specify as many as you wish.

Contactless Distance Finder

Let’s create a quick project to demonstrate how a simple ultrasonic sensor can be turned into a Sophisticated Contactless Distance Finder. In this project we will use a 16×2 Character LCD to display a horizontal bar to graphically represent distance to the object with the value on the bottom line.

In case you are not familiar with 16×2 character LCDs, consider reading (at least skimming) below tutorial.

SUGGESTED READING

Next, we need to make connections to the LCD as shown below.

Before we get to uploading code and playing with the sensor, we need to install the library called LCDBarGraph. This library helps draw horizontal bargraph on the LCD, where the length of the bar is proportional to the values provided.

Download the library first, by visiting the Arduino Playground or, just click this button to download the zip:

Once you install the library, try the below sketch out.

This is how the output looks like.

Code Explanation:

First you need to set up the LiquidCrystal library as usual. After this you can create LcdBarGraph instance with the just created LiquidCrystal instance. You should pass the reference of the LiquidCrystal to the constructor of the LcdBarGraph.

The constructor of the LcdBarGraph takes three more parameters. Second one is Number of character columns in the LCD (In our case that’s 16). The last two parameters are optional and allow custom positioning of the bar.

Now once we calculate the distance from the sensor, we can use drawValue(value, maxValue) function to display the bargraph. This draws a bargraph with a value between 0 and maxValue.

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Interfacing HC-SR04 with 3-Wire Mode

3-Wire Mode is something you only require one connection to a single Arduino digital I/O pin instead of two. If you don’t know, there are many ultrasonic sensors out there that only operate in 3-Wire Mode like awesome parallax ping))) sensor.

In 3-Wire mode the single I/O pin is used as both an input and as an output. This is possible because there is never a time when both the input and output are being used. By eliminating one I/O pin requirement we can save a connection to our Arduino and use it for something else. It also is useful when using a chip like the ATtiny85 which has a limited number of I/O pins.

Here’s how you can hook the HC-SR04 sensor up to the Arduino using 3-Wire mode.

As you can see all you need to do is, connect both the trigger and echo to Arduino pin 9.Note that the only difference you need to do in the sketch is to define pin 9 for both the Trigger and Echo pin values. The rest of the sketch is identical.

What are the limitations?

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In terms of accuracy and overall usefulness, HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor is really great, especially compared to other low-cost distance detection sensors. That doesn’t mean that the HC-SR04 sensor is capable of measuring “everything”. Following diagrams shows a few situations that the HC-SR04 is not designed to measure:

a) The distance between the sensor and the object/obstacle is more than 13 feet.

b) The object has its reflective surface at a shallow angle so that sound will not be reflected back towards the sensor.

c) The object is too small to reflect enough sound back to the sensor. In addition, if your HC-SR04 sensor is mounted low on your device, you may detect sound reflecting off of the floor.

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d) While experimenting with the sensor, we discovered that some objects with soft, irregular surfaces (such as stuffed animals) absorb rather than reflect sound and therefore can be difficult for the HC-SR04 sensor to detect.

Effect of Temperature on Distance Measurement

Though the HC-SR04 is reasonably accurate for most of our projects such as intruder detection or proximity alarms; But there are times you might want to design a device that is to be used outdoors or in an unusually hot or cold environment. If this is the case, you might want to take into account the fact that the speed of sound in air varies with temperature, air pressure and humidity.

Since the speed of sound factors into our HC-SR04 distance calculation this could affect our readings. If the temperature (°C) and Humidity is already known, consider the below formula:

Speed of sound m/s = 331.4 + (0.606 * Temp) + (0.0124 * Humidity)